{"id":6481,"date":"2023-09-01T16:30:20","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T16:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/odel.sa\/?p=6481"},"modified":"2023-12-12T15:25:33","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T15:25:33","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%88-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/odel.sa\/?p=6481","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u2013\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644-"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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<\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/p>\n


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\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Outcome Bias \u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629
\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a .. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627) \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f .. \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 .. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 .. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 The Anchoring Bias
\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064f\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 False Consensus Effect
\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0643. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u201d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u201d \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 ..<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u2026<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u062f\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u2026<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n

<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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